Natriuretic peptide-guided therapy in high-risk heart failure patients, to be or not to be?

The natriuretic peptides, B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) and amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP), are biomarkers of neurohormonal activation related to heart failure (HF) severity and associated with adverse outcomes and poor prognosis in HF patients with rising levels (1-3).