It is our privilege to introduce a novel special section of the Journal of Xiangya Medicine (JXYM) entitled “Case Reports in Thoracic Surgery”. Case reports in Thoracic Surgery, like case reports in general, are difficult to publish in the current literature. Even if the clinical report is well written, focused on an interesting topic, and accompanied by attractive images and/or videos, many journals do not consider case reports for publication. The decision not to publish case reports is often justified by the perceived low scientific value and the expected limited number of citations.